{"id":2925,"date":"2025-03-06T18:35:42","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T10:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=2925"},"modified":"2025-03-06T18:38:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T10:38:07","slug":"alloy-steel-vs-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/pt\/alloy-steel-vs-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7o da liga vs. a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel: qual escolher para o seu projeto?"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ao comparar a liga de a\u00e7o e a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, surge um ponto de confus\u00e3o comum: embora o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel seja tecnicamente um tipo de a\u00e7o de liga, \u00e9 frequentemente tratado como uma categoria distinta e comparado separadamente com outras op\u00e7\u00f5es de a\u00e7o durante a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de material. Por que isso e qual material voc\u00ea deve escolher para o seu projeto? Para responder a essas perguntas, ajuda primeiro a entender o que \u00e9 o a\u00e7o de liga e explorar os v\u00e1rios tipos que inclui.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entendendo o a\u00e7o de liga<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2936,\"width\":\"676px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/alloy-steel.webp\" alt=\"alloy steel\" class=\"wp-image-2936\" style=\"width:676px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A liga de a\u00e7o \u00e9 um tipo de a\u00e7o que cont\u00e9m mais de um elemento de liga, como cromo, n\u00edquel, molibd\u00eanio, van\u00e1dio e mangan\u00eas, para a composi\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica de ferro e carbono. Ao contr\u00e1rio de <a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/alloy-steel-vs-carbon-steel\/\"> a\u00e7o carbono <\/a>, que consiste principalmente em ferro e carbono, esses elementos adicionados s\u00e3o cuidadosamente selecionados e combinados em resist\u00eancias e resist\u00eancias de melhoria ou mais resist\u00eancias.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elementos de liga mais comuns e seus efeitos<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Cromo (CR):<\/strong>Chromium's effects in alloy steel depend on its concentration. At low levels (0.5%~2%), it improves hardenability and strength by forming carbides and refining the grain structure. At higher levels (above 10%), chromium enables the formation of a dense and stable chromium oxide layer\u2014 primarily Cr\u2082O\u2083\u2014 on the steel surface, which effectively blocks oxygen, moisture, and other corrosive agents, thereby significantly enhancing corrosion resistance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>N\u00edquel (NI):<\/strong> Also has an effect depending on the percentage. At lower percentages (roughly 1~5%), nickel increases the toughness and ductility of the alloy steel, indirectly enhancing its strength and impact resistance. At higher percentages (typically around 8~12% or more), it helps achieve excellent corrosion resistance while also ensuring good low-temperature toughness and ductility.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Molibd\u00eanio (MO):<\/strong>Valued for its ability to strengthen steel at high temperatures. It increases hardness and helps steel resist softening during prolonged exposure to heat. Moreover, molybdenum improves resistance to localized corrosion, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, especially when combined with chromium.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Mangan\u00eas (MN):<\/strong> Helps form martensite during heat treatment, which increases strength and wear resistance. It also improves toughness and ductility, reducing the risk of cracking. Additionally, it acts as a deoxidizer by removing impurities and controlling sulfur\u2014 forming manganese sulfide (MnS) that prevents the formation of brittle microstructures.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Van\u00e1dio (V):<\/strong> Refines the grain structure of steel, resulting in higher strength, increased toughness, and improved wear and heat resistance. When combined with chromium, the alloy tends to have enhanced hardness while still retaining adequate formability, provided that the overall composition and processing are carefully controlled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Tungst\u00eanio (W):<\/strong> Forms stable carbides that improve alloy steel's strength, hardness, and wear resistance at high temperatures. This makes it a popular choice for tool steels and high-speed cutting tools.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipos de a\u00e7o de liga<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A\u00e7os de liga v\u00eam em uma variedade de categorias amplas. Aqui, n\u00f3s os dividimos na tabela abaixo.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Tipo<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Exemplos<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7os de alta liga<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa Contain &gt;5% alloying elements, commonly including chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.<br><br>\u25aa Some have exceptional corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments (e.g., marine, chemical processing).<br><br>\u25aa Excellent mechanical properties in demanding engineering scenarios.<br><br>\u25aa Some types offer superior performance under high temperatures and pressures, such as heat-resistant steels.<br><br>\u25aa Many high-alloy steels, such as stainless steels, have high oxidation resistance, resulting in longer service life and lower maintenance.&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa <strong>A\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200b(304, 316, etc.)<\/strong><br><strong><br><\/strong>\u25aa Heat-Resistant Steels (H13, 310 Stainless Steel, Inconel)&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7os de baixa liga<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa Contain &lt;5% alloying elements, typically including molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, boron, nickel, and vanadium.<br><br>\u25aa High strength and toughness.<br><br>\u25aa Generally good weldability and machinability.<br><br>\u25aa Cost-effective alternative for structural applications.<br><br>\u25aa Often used in mining and construction equipment due to their good strength-to-weight ratios.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa HSLA Steels<br><br>\u25aa Quenched and Tempered Steels (4340, A514)<br><br>\u25aa Pipeline Steels (API 5L X65, X70)&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7os da ferramenta<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa A special type of alloy steel, used to make cutting tools, dies, molds, jigs and fixtures.<br><br>\u25aa Contain a relatively high carbon content (typically 0.5% to 1.5%), though some types, like hot work steels, may have lower carbon levels.<br><br>\u25aa Extremely hard and wear-resistant.<br><br>\u25aa Some types, such as high-speed and hot work steels, retain their properties at high temperatures.<br><br>\u25aa Long service life under high stress.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa High-Speed Steels (M2, M42)<br><br>\u25aa Cold Work Steels (D2)<br><br>\u25aa Hot Work Steels (H13)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7os maraging<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa Ultra-high strength, low-carbon steel.<br><br>\u25aa Superior strength-to-weight ratio.<br><br>\u25aa Strengthened through precipitation hardening rather than carbon strengthening.<br><br>\u25aa Excellent toughness and ductility compared to conventional high-strength steels.<br><br>\u25aa Widely used in aerospace, high-performance machinery, and tooling applications.&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u25aa 18Ni (250, 300, 350)<br><br>\u25aa Co-based Maraging Steels<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entendendo o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2937,\"width\":\"709px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/stainless-steel.jpg\" alt=\"Stainless steel\" class=\"wp-image-2937\" style=\"width:709px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conforme mostrado no gr\u00e1fico acima, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel se enquadra na categoria de a\u00e7o de alta liga. Possui um alto teor de cromo (\u226510,5%), o que lhe confere forte resist\u00eancia \u00e0 ferrugem. Dependendo do que o aplicativo exige, os fabricantes geralmente adicionam elementos como n\u00edquel, molibd\u00eanio, tit\u00e2nio e cobre para melhorar ainda mais sua for\u00e7a, resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o ou desempenho em altas temperaturas. Al\u00e9m disso, tamb\u00e9m tem boa formabilidade, uma apar\u00eancia atraente e excelente durabilidade. Isso o torna amplamente utilizado em ind\u00fastrias como assist\u00eancia m\u00e9dica, constru\u00e7\u00e3o e utens\u00edlios de cozinha.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipos de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Existem centenas de notas de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel dispon\u00edveis, mas geralmente s\u00e3o classificadas em cinco categorias principais:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Tipo<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Graus comuns<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel austen\u00edtico<\/strong><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u25aa Contains \u226516% chromium and 8-12% nickel\uff0cwith high-nickel variants (e.g., 310S, 904L) containing up to 20-25% nickel.<br><br>\u25aa Non-magnetic (may become slightly magnetic after cold working).<br><br>\u25aa Excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in humid, acidic, and chemical environments.<br><br>\u25aa&nbsp;Can be strengthened through cold working&nbsp;(work hardening).<br><br>\u25aa Good ductility and weldability.&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>304 (18-8 a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel):<\/strong>The most widely used stainless steel, common in food processing, construction, and chemical industries.<br><br><strong>316:<\/strong>&nbsp;Higher corrosion resistance than 304, especially in marine and chemical environments.<br><br><strong>310s:<\/strong>High-temperature resistant, used in furnaces and boilers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel ferr\u00edtico<\/strong><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u25aa Contains10-30% chromium, low carbon, and little or no nickel.<br><br>\u25aa Ferromagnetic.<br><br>\u25aa Moderate to good corrosion resistance, lower than austenitic stainless steel,&nbsp;but generally better than martensitic stainless steel. <br><br>\u25aa Cannot be hardened by heat treatment but can be strengthened through cold working.<br><br>\u25aa Have relatively low toughness, which limits their use in certain structural applications.<br><br>\u25aa Lower thermal expansion and good oxidation resistance.<\/td><td><strong>430:<\/strong>Cost-effective with moderate corrosion resistance, used in kitchenware and automotive exhaust systems.<br><br><strong>444:<\/strong>High-chromium variant, showing&nbsp;improved chloride resistance&nbsp;in water and plumbing systems.<br><br><strong>446:<\/strong>High oxidation resistance, suitable for high-temperature environments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel martens\u00edtico<\/strong><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u25aa Contains 11-18% chromium, with higher carbon content (0.1-1.2%).<br><br>\u25aa Fully Magnetic.<br><br>\u25aa Generally lower corrosion resistance compared to austenitic and ferritic stainless steels.<br><br>\u25aa Can be hardened by heat treatment&nbsp;(quenching &amp; tempering).<br><br>\u25aa Offer reduced ductility and low weldability.&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>410:<\/strong>General-purpose martensitic stainless steel, used for wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant parts.<br><br><strong>420:<\/strong>&nbsp;Used for surgical instruments, scissors, and bearings due to its high hardness.<br><br><strong>440C:<\/strong>&nbsp;Higher carbon content, providing extreme hardness for high-end knives and bearings.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel duplex<\/strong><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u25aa&nbsp;Contains 18-28%&nbsp;chromium, 3.5&nbsp;-5.5% nickel, and often includes molybdenum (Mo) and nitrogen (N) to enhance corrosion resistance and strength. <br><br>\u25aa A balanced duplex structure (-50% austenitic,-&nbsp;50% ferritic).<br><br>\u25aa Higher strength than austenitic stainless steel (1.5 to 2 times).<br><br>\u25aa Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.<br><br>\u25aa Better chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC)&nbsp;resistance than pure austenitic stainless steels.<br><br>\u25aa Good fatigue resistance.<br><br>\u25aa Moderate ductility and weldability.<\/td><td><strong>2205:&nbsp;<\/strong>The most common grade with high strength and corrosion resistance for marine and chemical industries.<br><br><strong>2507 (a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel super duplex)<\/strong>:&nbsp;Designed for extreme corrosion resistance in seawater processing equipment.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel de endurecimento por precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u25aa Contains 12-16% chromium, 3-8% nickel, and small amounts of copper, aluminum, and titanium for precipitation hardening.<br><br>\u25aa Strengthened by precipitation hardening (aging treatment).<br><br>\u25aa Offers high strength and good corrosion resistance.<br><br>\u25aa Higher strength than austenitic stainless steels, close to martensitic stainless steels, but with better toughness.<br><br>\u25aa Good weldability<\/td><td><strong>17-4ph (630):&nbsp;<\/strong>The most commonly used PH stainless steel, ideal for high-strength, corrosion-resistant applications.<br><br><strong>15-5ph:&nbsp;<\/strong>Similar to 17-4PH but with improved toughness.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diferen\u00e7as entre a\u00e7o de liga e a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2938,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alloy-Steel-CNC-Parts.jpg\" alt=\"Alloy Steel CNC Parts\" class=\"wp-image-2938\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Embora o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel seja considerado um tipo de a\u00e7o de liga e ambos compartilhem as propriedades b\u00e1sicas das ligas \u00e0 base de ferro, elas podem diferir significativamente em termos de composi\u00e7\u00e3o e desempenho. Abaixo est\u00e1 uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o geral de suas principais diferen\u00e7as.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Composi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O a\u00e7o de liga cont\u00e9m uma mistura de ferro e v\u00e1rios elementos de liga, como cromo, n\u00edquel, mangan\u00eas, van\u00e1dio, molibd\u00eanio e sil\u00edcio. As quantidades e tipos desses elementos podem variar dependendo do grau de a\u00e7o de liga. Por outro lado, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 composto principalmente de ferro, carbono e pelo menos 10,5% de cromo (em peso). O alto teor de cromo \u00e9 o que d\u00e1 a a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel sua resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o. Outros elementos, como n\u00edquel, molibd\u00eanio e mangan\u00eas, tamb\u00e9m podem ser inclu\u00eddos para melhorar ainda mais suas propriedades, mas o cromo continua sendo o principal diferencial.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 trac\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/metal-strength-a-detailed-guide-and-chart\/\"> resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o <\/a> \u00e9 o estresse m\u00e1ximo que um material pode suportar ao ser esticado ou puxado antes de quebrar; e depende da liga e do processo de tratamento t\u00e9rmico. Os a\u00e7os de liga geralmente t\u00eam maior resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o (758 ~ 1882 MPa ou at\u00e9 mais) do que o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel (515 ~ 827 MPa), embora alguns a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bespecializados, como a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmartens\u00edticos, subam at\u00e9 1200 MPa ou mais. Como resultado, os a\u00e7os de liga t\u00eam mais aplica\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For\u00e7a de fadiga<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga \u00e9 a capacidade de um material de suportar a carga repetida ou c\u00edclica sem falhar ao longo do tempo, e geralmente \u00e9 menor que a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima do material. Os a\u00e7os de liga tendem a ter uma melhor for\u00e7a de fadiga do que os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis, porque podem ser tratados pelo t\u00e9rmino para otimizar sua estrutura interna. No entanto, alguns a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis, como a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bduplex, tamb\u00e9m t\u00eam forte resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga devido \u00e0 sua microestrutura.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resist\u00eancia ao impacto<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A resist\u00eancia ao impacto mede a capacidade de um material de absorver energia antes de fraturar. A\u00e7os de liga s\u00e3o frequentemente feitos para alta resist\u00eancia e resist\u00eancia. Eles geralmente s\u00e3o melhores em absorver energia sob cargas repentinas. Mas alguns a\u00e7os de liga podem ser quebradi\u00e7os, especialmente aqueles com alto carbono ou endurecidos pela t\u00eampera e temperamento.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A vantagem principal do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 sua resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, mas isso \u00e0s vezes pode ter o custo de sua resist\u00eancia ao impacto. Embora certos graus de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel (como a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bausten\u00edticos) sejam bastante dif\u00edceis e resistentes \u00e0 fratura sob impacto, eles podem n\u00e3o ter um desempenho t\u00e3o bom em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de alto impacto ou carregamento de choque quanto alguns a\u00e7os de liga de alta resist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dureza<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-material-hardness\/\"> dureza <\/a> do a\u00e7o de liga pode variar significativamente, dependendo do processo de tratamento e tratamento t\u00e9rmico. Ele pode variar de cerca de 200 HB (dureza Brinell) a mais de 600 HB, ou at\u00e9 mais para a\u00e7os de alto carbono ou ferramentas. Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o, a dureza do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel normalmente cai entre 150 Hb e 300 Hb. Embora certos graus martens\u00edticos de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel possam ser tratados pelo time para maior dureza, eles ainda n\u00e3o atingem os n\u00edveis de dureza vistos em a\u00e7os de liga de alto carbono ou a\u00e7os de ferramentas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ductilidade<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A ductilidade \u00e9 a capacidade de um material de se deformar sem quebrar. A ductilidade dos a\u00e7os de liga varia amplamente, com ligas de baixo carbono sendo mais d\u00factil, enquanto ligas de alta resist\u00eancia ou a\u00e7os de ferramentas tendem a ter menor ductilidade. O equil\u00edbrio entre ductilidade e for\u00e7a \u00e9 controlado ajustando a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da liga e o tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, especialmente notas austen\u00edticas, geralmente oferece melhor ductilidade do que a\u00e7os de liga de for\u00e7a semelhante devido ao seu maior teor de n\u00edquel. No entanto, os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmartens\u00edticos e ferr\u00edticos t\u00eam menor ductilidade e s\u00e3o mais propensos a rachaduras sob deforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o da a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel vem principalmente de seu conte\u00fado de cromo. Quando exposto ao oxig\u00eanio, o cromo forma uma camada fina e est\u00e1vel de \u00f3xido que protege o metal da corros\u00e3o geral. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos a\u00e7os de liga, os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bn\u00e3o precisam de revestimentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o extras. No entanto, graus diferentes mostram resist\u00eancia a corros\u00e3o vari\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As formas localizadas de corros\u00e3o, como corros\u00e3o de picada e fenda, s\u00e3o comuns em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel. O pitting ocorre quando a camada protetora de \u00f3xido de cromo \u00e9 danificada localmente por cloretos e agentes similares. A corros\u00e3o de fendas normalmente se desenvolve em lacunas estreitas - como as encontradas em torno dos parafusos ou nas articula\u00e7\u00f5es - onde os cloretos e a umidade podem acumular e acelerar a corros\u00e3o. No geral, a presen\u00e7a de cromo em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel reduz as chances de corros\u00e3o de pitting e fendas em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o a\u00e7o de liga.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel tamb\u00e9m oferece maior resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o galv\u00e2nica, que ocorre quando dois metais diferentes se contam em um eletr\u00f3lito, fazendo com que o metal mais ativo corroesse. A\u00e7os de liga s\u00e3o mais propensos a esse tipo de corros\u00e3o devido ao seu menor potencial eletroqu\u00edmico\u3002<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Da mesma forma, quando se trata de rachaduras por corros\u00e3o por estresse (SCC) - o rachaduras de um material sob tens\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o em um ambiente corrosivo - o a\u00e7o inequoso geralmente tem um desempenho melhor. Sua camada protetora de \u00f3xido de cromo n\u00e3o apenas resiste \u00e0 corros\u00e3o geral, mas tamb\u00e9m ajuda a prevenir o in\u00edcio da trinca. No entanto, a resist\u00eancia ao SCC pode variar entre diferentes graus de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel e depende do ambiente de servi\u00e7o espec\u00edfico. Por exemplo, a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bausten\u00edticos (como 304 e 316) geralmente oferecem forte resist\u00eancia ao SCC em muitos ambientes, embora possam ser vulner\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bem ambientes ricos em cloreto.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratamento t\u00e9rmico<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O a\u00e7o de liga pode sofrer tratamento t\u00e9rmico em uma ampla faixa de temperatura, com m\u00e9todos comuns, incluindo recozimento, normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, extin\u00e7\u00e3o e temperamento. Oferece maior flexibilidade na otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de propriedades como dureza, for\u00e7a e resist\u00eancia ao desgaste. Por exemplo, o a\u00e7o de alta velocidade (HSS) pode ser tratado termicamente para obter dureza extremamente alta, tornando-o altamente eficaz para o corte de ferramentas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 principalmente tratado termicamente atrav\u00e9s do recozimento, tratamento da solu\u00e7\u00e3o, extin\u00e7\u00e3o e temperamento. No entanto, o processo de tratamento t\u00e9rmico varia significativamente com diferentes graus. A\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmartens\u00edticos podem ser tratados termicamente, com a queima e a temperamento para obter alta dureza e for\u00e7a. A\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bausten\u00edticos dependem principalmente do tratamento da solu\u00e7\u00e3o, seguido pelo trabalho de frio para melhorar a for\u00e7a, em vez de extin\u00e7\u00e3o e temperamento convencionais, uma vez que as altas temperaturas podem comprometer sua resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o. A\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bferr\u00edticos geralmente s\u00e3o tratados pelo t\u00e9rmino para melhorar a trabalhabilidade ou aliviar as tens\u00f5es internas, mas esse tratamento n\u00e3o altera significativamente sua dureza e for\u00e7a.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soldabilidade<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A\u00e7os de liga e a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bs\u00e3o sold\u00e1veis, mas cada um tem suas pr\u00f3prias caracter\u00edsticas. Os a\u00e7os de liga de baixo carbono s\u00e3o mais f\u00e1ceis de soldar, enquanto os graus de alta resist\u00eancia ou de alto carbono requerem pr\u00e9-aquecimento e tratamento t\u00e9rmico p\u00f3s-solda para evitar rachaduras. Entre os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis, as notas austen\u00edticas oferecem a melhor soldabilidade, enquanto as notas martens\u00edticas e ferr\u00edticas s\u00e3o mais desafiadoras e tendem a ser propensas a fragilidade ou rachaduras.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MACHINABILIDADE<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-machinability-and-how-can-it-be-improved\/\"> usinability <\/a> mede a facilidade com que um material pode ser cortado, moldado ou perfurado. O a\u00e7o de liga geralmente possui melhor m\u00e1quinabilidade do que o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, especialmente os graus de forma\u00e7\u00e3o livre. Por exemplo, a austen\u00edtica a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel 304 tem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de maquiagem de 40% em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a\u00e7os de liga como 1018 com uma usinabilidade de 78%. Os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmartens\u00edticos e ferr\u00edticos melhoraram a maquinabilidade, mas requerem ferramentas especializadas para lidar com sua dureza.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formabilidade<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A formabilidade \u00e9 a capacidade de um material ser moldado sem quebrar. Os a\u00e7os de liga de baixo carbono t\u00eam boa formabilidade, mas a\u00e7os de liga de alta resist\u00eancia e a\u00e7os de ferramentas s\u00e3o mais dif\u00edceis de moldar devido ao aumento da dureza. A formabilidade da a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel varia de acordo com a nota. A\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bausten\u00edticos oferecem formabilidade excepcional, tornando-os bem -bitos para desenho profundo, <a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/basics-types-and-design-considerations-of-sheet-metal-bending\/\"> dobrar <\/a> e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es complexas. Por outro lado, os a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmartens\u00edticos t\u00eam a menor formabilidade devido \u00e0 sua dureza e fragilidade.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vantagens de a\u00e7o de liga sobre a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A liga de a\u00e7o \u00e9 um grupo de materiais mais amplo e vers\u00e1til que oferece v\u00e1rias vantagens sobre o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u00c9 econ\u00f4mico.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Possui uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o de alta for\u00e7a \/ peso e pode ser muito dif\u00edcil, o que se encaixa em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es exigentes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Certos a\u00e7os de liga oferecem melhor resist\u00eancia de alta temperatura.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Suas op\u00e7\u00f5es de tratamento t\u00e9rmico permitem que os fabricantes ajustem suas propriedades, geralmente resultando em melhor resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u00c9 altamente vers\u00e1til devido \u00e0 sua excelente usinabilidade.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vantagens de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel sobre a\u00e7o de liga<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 um material amplamente usado que tem v\u00e1rias vantagens sobre a liga de a\u00e7o:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Oferece resist\u00eancia superior \u00e0 corros\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Requer menor manuten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Sua superf\u00edcie mais limpa e higi\u00eanica o torna ideal para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es alimentares, m\u00e9dicas e sanit\u00e1rias.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>O a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel austen\u00edtico \u00e9 mais d\u00factil e mais f\u00e1cil de moldar do que a maioria dos a\u00e7os de liga.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>O a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 ecol\u00f3gico e pode ser 100% recicl\u00e1vel.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dicas \u00fateis a serem consideradas ao selecionar o a\u00e7o certo para o seu projeto<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2939,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/stainless-steel-CNC-parts.jpg\" alt=\"stainless steel CNC parts\" class=\"wp-image-2939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Escolher o a\u00e7o certo \u00e9 importante para garantir o desempenho ideal, a durabilidade e a rela\u00e7\u00e3o custo-benef\u00edcio em qualquer projeto. Aqui est\u00e3o os pontos -chave a serem considerados ao decidir entre o a\u00e7o ligante e o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Requisitos funcionais<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pretendida do material determina amplamente o tipo de a\u00e7o necess\u00e1rio. Se a pe\u00e7a for exposta a um ambiente marinho ou exposi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 uma escolha melhor devido \u00e0 sua resist\u00eancia superior \u00e0 corros\u00e3o. No entanto, para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais como pontes, edif\u00edcios e m\u00e1quinas pesadas, o a\u00e7o de liga \u00e9 preferido por sua maior resist\u00eancia e resist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restri\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As limita\u00e7\u00f5es do or\u00e7amento podem determinar o tipo de a\u00e7o para o seu projeto. O a\u00e7o de liga \u00e9 geralmente mais acess\u00edvel que o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel devido ao seu menor conte\u00fado de elemento de liga. No entanto, n\u00e3o \u00e9 aconselh\u00e1vel comprometer a qualidade do custo, pois a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de um material inadequado pode levar a maiores custos de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e reposi\u00e7\u00e3o a longo prazo.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e vida \u00fatil<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Se a baixa manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e a longa vida \u00fatil forem as principais prioridades, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel pode ser um investimento melhor. Ao contr\u00e1rio do a\u00e7o de liga, que geralmente requer revestimentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar a corros\u00e3o, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 naturalmente resistente \u00e0 ferrugem e pode durar d\u00e9cadas com manuten\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00ednima. Mais importante, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 recicl\u00e1vel, tornando -o uma escolha sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apelo est\u00e9tico<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Para projetos em que a apar\u00eancia \u00e9 importante, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel geralmente \u00e9 a escolha preferida. Sua superf\u00edcie polida, reflexiva e brilhante oferece uma apar\u00eancia moderna e elegante que \u00e9 altamente desej\u00e1vel em arquitetura, design de interiores e produtos de consumo sofisticados. Al\u00e9m disso, sua resist\u00eancia a manchas ou descolora\u00e7\u00e3o ao longo do tempo aumenta seu apelo. Al\u00e9m disso, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em v\u00e1rios acabamentos, dando aos designers mais flexibilidade na cria\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos visualmente atraentes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":721,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/CNC-milling-workshop-at-Chiggo-3.jpg\" alt=\"CNC milling workshop at Chiggo\" class=\"wp-image-721\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Para escolher o a\u00e7o certo, voc\u00ea precisa pesar fatores como requisitos funcionais, custo geral, demandas de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e impacto ambiental. Se a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, a est\u00e9tica e a durabilidade a longo prazo s\u00e3o prioridades, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 a melhor escolha. No entanto, se a alta resist\u00eancia, a facilidade de usinagem e a economia de custos s\u00e3o suas principais preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es, o a\u00e7o de liga \u00e9 mais adequado.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>O Chiggo oferece uma ampla gama de recursos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o e servi\u00e7os extras para apoiar suas necessidades de prototipagem e produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Nossa equipe qualificada de engenheiros tem experi\u00eancia em <a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/cnc-machining\/\"> usinagem cnc <\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/sheet-metal-fabrication\/\"> Fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de soletes <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/contact\/\"> entre em contato com <\/a> Hoje para discutir os detalhes do seu pr\u00f3ximo projeto.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ao comparar a liga de a\u00e7o e a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, surge um ponto de confus\u00e3o comum: embora o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel seja tecnicamente um tipo de a\u00e7o de liga, \u00e9 frequentemente tratado como uma categoria distinta e comparado separadamente com outras op\u00e7\u00f5es de a\u00e7o durante a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de material. Por que isso e qual material voc\u00ea deve escolher para o seu projeto? Para responder a essas perguntas, ajuda primeiro a entender o que \u00e9 o a\u00e7o de liga e explorar os v\u00e1rios tipos que inclui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metals","category-material"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alloy Steel vs. Stainless Steel: Which One to Choose for Your Project? - Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Looking for the best steel material for your project? 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