{"id":4043,"date":"2025-09-30T14:27:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=4043"},"modified":"2025-09-30T14:27:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:27:14","slug":"all-about-shear-modulus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092d\u0940 -\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":4045,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Shear-Modulus.png\" alt=\"Shear Modulus\" class=\"wp-image-4045\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 f \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0394x \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u091b\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b\u0923 and \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (\u03b3) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (\u03c4) \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u03c4 = \u090f\u092b \/ \u090f<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (\u03b3) \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u03b3 = \u0394x \/ l (\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u03b8 \u03b3 \u03b3 rad Radians \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (\u091c\u0940), \u0915\u092d\u0940 -\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u03bc \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>G = \u03c4 \/ \u03b3 = (f \/ a) \/ (= x \/ l) = (f \u00b7 l) \/ (a \u200b\u200b\u00b7) x)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>SI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932 (PA) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (n\/m g) \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947, \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 Gigapascals (GPA) \u092e\u0947\u0902 G \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 1 gpa = 10\u2079 pa\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 (\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td><td>26-27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u0940\u0924\u0932<\/td><td>35-41<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932<\/td><td>79-82<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e<\/td><td>44-48<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/td><td>5-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932<\/td><td>74-79<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091f\u093f\u0928<\/td><td>~ 18<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927)<\/td><td>41-45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0920\u094b\u0938<\/td><td>8\u201312<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 (\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093e -\u0932\u093f\u092e)<\/td><td>26\u201330<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 (\u0921\u0917\u0932\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0926\u093e\u0930)<\/td><td>0.6\u20131.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0949\u0928 (\u0905\u0928\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921)<\/td><td>0.7\u20131.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f<\/td><td>0.8\u20130.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>polyethylene<\/td><td>0.1\u20130.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u092c\u0921\u093c<\/td><td>0.0003\u20130.001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0921<\/td><td>480-520<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0917\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1 \u091c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093f \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u0940\u0917\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u092a\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930, \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u092b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0940\u0930\u093e, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0921\u0948\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093f \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0905\u0928\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":4046,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing-1.webp\" alt=\"shear-testing\" class=\"wp-image-4046\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0949\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0948; \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0940 \u090f\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e E143 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e -\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 (\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932) \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 ASTM D2236 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0936\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094b V-notched \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 ASTM D5379 (iosipescu) \u0914\u0930 ASTM D7078 (V-notched \u0930\u0947\u0932 \u0936\u0940\u092f\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 ASTM D4255 (\u0930\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940) \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915-\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f ASTM A938 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u091f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u092d\u0940 -\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/youngs-modulus\/\">\u092f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0908<\/a>\u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u03bd,<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<math display=\"block\" style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:1.3em; line-height:1.4\">\n  <mi>\u091c\u0940<\/mi>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mi>\u0908\u091f\u0940<\/mi>\n    <mrow>\n      <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <mo>(<\/mo>\n      <mn>1<\/mn>\n      <mo>+<\/mo>\n      <mi>\u03bd<\/mi>\n      <mo>)<\/mo>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n<\/math>\n\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"textAlign\":\"left\",\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0936\u0940\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0964<strong>\u092f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (\u0908) (\u0908)<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<strong>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (\u091c\u0940)<\/strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<strong>\u0925\u094b\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (K)<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0908 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915, \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915-\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 (\u03bd) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>E = 2G (1 + \u03bd) = 3K (1 - 2\u03bd)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, e and 210 gpa \u0914\u0930 \u03bd the 0.30, G and 81 GPA \u0914\u0930 k gp 170 GPA \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 E (~ 70 GPA) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f 20 \u0915\u0947 GPA \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u092c\u0930, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948 (\u03bd \u2192 0.5): k \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f E \u0914\u0930 G \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<strong>\u0908\u091f\u0940<\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935, \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<strong>\u091c\u0940<\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c, \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f, \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0964<strong>K<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0917\u0928\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0927\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u090a\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (~ 75-80 GPa) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0917\u0928\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928\u0932 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (~ 21 GPa) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0964 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 - \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u091c\u0940 (0.001\u20130.01 GPA) \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092d\u0940 -\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-material"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula &amp; Uses - Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula &amp; Uses - Chiggo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-30T06:27:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-30T06:27:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\",\"name\":\"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-30T06:27:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-30T06:27:14+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a\"},\"description\":\"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":768,\"caption\":\"shear-testing\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Material\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/category\/material\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"All About Shear Modulus\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/\",\"name\":\"CNC\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a\",\"name\":\"CNC\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo","description":"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo","og_description":"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.","og_url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","og_site_name":"CNC","article_published_time":"2025-09-30T06:27:09+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-09-30T06:27:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"CNC","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"CNC","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","name":"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp","datePublished":"2025-09-30T06:27:09+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-30T06:27:14+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a"},"description":"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp","width":1024,"height":768,"caption":"shear-testing"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Material","item":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/category\/material\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"All About Shear Modulus"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/","name":"CNC","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a","name":"CNC"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4043"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4047,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4043\/revisions\/4047"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}