{"id":3916,"date":"2025-09-25T11:16:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T03:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=3916"},"modified":"2025-09-25T11:16:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T03:16:31","slug":"what-is-ductility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/what-is-ductility\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902) \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938) \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0948\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3920,\"width\":\"840px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ductility-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Ductility Test\" class=\"wp-image-3920\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u091a \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0915\u0928\u093e\u091a\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f: \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921 (\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935, \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u091a\u093f\u092a\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941-\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u092a<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 (\u090f\u0915%)<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f: \u090f\u0915% = (LF - L0)\/L0 \u00d7 100%, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 L0 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 LF \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (\u0906\u0930\u090f%)<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940: ra% = (A0-AF)\/A0 \u00d7 100%, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 A0 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 AF \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u090f% \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0917\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932; \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, 20% \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 60% \u0915\u092e\u0940 - \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1% \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 0% \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932) \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (\u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923) \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915 (\u0908):<\/strong>\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0928; \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091c \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u03c3\u1d67):<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 (\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 0.2% \u0911\u092b\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0909\u092a\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (UTS):<\/strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0964 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947; \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f:<\/strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3921,\"width\":\"775px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/stress-strain-curves-for-a-ductile-material-blue-versus-a-brittle-material-red-1024x731.png\" alt=\"stress-strain curves for a ductile material (blue) versus a brittle material (red)\" class=\"wp-image-3921\" style=\"width:775px;height:auto\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u0932\u093e\u0932) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 -\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b (\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0947\u091c \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f) \u092a\u0930, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915, \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0917\u0947\u091c \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 -\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 (\u090f\u0915%) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0906\u0930\u090f%)\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0932\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 Malleability \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0925\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0932\u0941\u0922\u093c\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947; \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c\/\u091a\u092a\u091f\u093e\/\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902: \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0928\u0940\u092f (\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928) \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0932\u0940\u0921 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948 (\u0936\u0940\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c)\u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0932\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917, \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0932-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0902; \u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e: \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 = \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935\/\u0924\u093e\u0930; \u092e\u0949\u0932\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 = \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928\/\u0936\u0940\u091f\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0939\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0941\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948: \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0932\u0941\u0922\u093c\u0915\u093e, \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u0939\u0925\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e (\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0932 (\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0964 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0948\u092c\/\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0942\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0949\u091f-\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u091f, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0908-\u092c\u0940\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f-\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\/\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917:<\/strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\/\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e, \u0939\u0940\u091f-\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0947\/\u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916:<\/strong>\u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091d\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0947\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c-\u0915\u0948\u0928 \u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0936\u0940\u091f-\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928, \u091c\u092c \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940-\u091b\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0921) \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0939\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932 3 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u090f\u090f\u092e):<\/strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0921 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0928 (LPBF) \u0938\u0947-\u0920\u0940\u0915, \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930, \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 (\u0939\u093f\u092a), \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902; TI-6AL-4V \u0914\u0930 ALSI10MG \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0907\u0928-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0948\u092c \u092e\u0940\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948-\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 -\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0948\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091d\u0941\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 (\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917):<\/strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0921\u0940\u092a\u0940\/\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u090f\u0932\/\u091f\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0915, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921-\u0916\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0915:<\/strong>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f-\u0938\u0947-\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (DBTT) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u091d\u0941\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 DBTT \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u090f\u092b\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0921\u0940\u092c\u0940\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941:<\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0947\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0905\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0932\u0940\u092b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u0920\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0940\u091f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092c\u0941\u091d\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u092b\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0928\u091f\u0916\u091f-\u0938\u0947-\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092b\u0947\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0902\u0917\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f-\u0938\u0947-\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0920\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u091a\u0938\u0940\u092a\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u090a\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0915:<\/strong>\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924-\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093e\u091c \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b-\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e; \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0905\u092c ~ 15-16% \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 2 GPA \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\/TWIP \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928-\/\u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, CRMNFECONI) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \"\u0920\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0964\" \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0932\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932-\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 - \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u091a\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0928-\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/cnc-machining\/\">\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/sheet-metal-fabrication\/\">\u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930-\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/a>, \u0914\u0930 3 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902-\u091c\u094b \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/commodity-plastics-vs-engineering-plastics\/\">\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/a>, \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0940-\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u092e\u0949\u0932\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/contact\/\">\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 CAD \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a>\u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 DFM \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902) \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938) \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0948\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement &amp; Factors | Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/what-is-ductility\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement &amp; Factors | Chiggo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-25T03:16:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-25T03:16:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/\",\"name\":\"Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement & Factors | Chiggo\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-25T03:16:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-25T03:16:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a\"},\"description\":\"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":300,\"caption\":\"What Is Ductility\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Uncategorized\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/category\/uncategorized\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"What Is Ductility?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/\",\"name\":\"CNC\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a\",\"name\":\"CNC\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement & Factors | Chiggo","description":"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/what-is-ductility\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement & Factors | Chiggo","og_description":"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.","og_url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/","og_site_name":"CNC","article_published_time":"2025-09-25T03:16:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-09-25T03:16:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":300,"url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"CNC","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"CNC","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/","name":"Ductility: Definition, Importance, Measurement & Factors | Chiggo","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg","datePublished":"2025-09-25T03:16:25+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-25T03:16:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a"},"description":"Learn what ductility is, how it\u2019s measured (percent elongation, reduction of area), the factors that affect it, and why it matters for design and manufacturing.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/What-Is-Ductility.jpg","width":900,"height":300,"caption":"What Is Ductility"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/what-is-ductility\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Uncategorized","item":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/category\/uncategorized\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"What Is Ductility?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/","name":"CNC","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c90fdbfb30ad220c5668dfa19631130a","name":"CNC"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3916"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3922,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3916\/revisions\/3922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}