{"id":3541,"date":"2025-07-08T11:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T03:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=3541"},"modified":"2025-07-08T11:38:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T03:38:45","slug":"ultimate-tensile-strength","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/ultimate-tensile-strength\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\"stress<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"Tensile-Testing\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935) = \u092c\u0932 \/ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 FMAX \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 A0 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938 (\u092a\u0940\u090f), \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938 (\u090f\u092e\u092a\u0940\u090f) \u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u091a (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908)\u0964 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924, \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"ultimate-tensile-strength\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0905\u0928\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\/\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 (\u090f\u092e\u092a\u0940\u090f)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932<\/td>400-550<\/td><\/tr>
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 (1090)<\/td>696\u2013950<\/td><\/tr>
\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 (304\/18-8)<\/td>510\u2013620<\/td><\/tr>
\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (6061-\u091f\u0940 6)<\/td>290-310<\/td><\/tr>
\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (7075-T6)<\/td>510\u2013538<\/td><\/tr>
\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (TI-6AL-4V)<\/td>900\u2013950<\/td><\/tr>
\u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e (\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927, 99.9%)<\/td>200-250<\/td><\/tr>
\u092a\u0940\u0924\u0932 (C260)<\/td>345-485<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u0940\u092e, \u0930\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0921-\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0921\u093c, \u092a\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928-\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u091a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 ASME \u092c\u0949\u092f\u0932\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 UTS \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093f \u0930\u094b\u091c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u0902\u091c\u093e, \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 -\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"XY<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902:<\/strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u091c\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 5 \u00b0 C \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (+5 \u00b0 C \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f) \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u0924\u093f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902:<\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 - \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947) \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902:<\/strong>\u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u090f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0908\u091f\u0940\u091c\u0940) \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0906\u0938\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0902; \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0916\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\/\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0947\u0921 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902:<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b, \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0906\u092a \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u092b\u0908\u090f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f -\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0918\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u092b) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0949\u092f\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\/\u090f\u092b\u090f\u092b\u090f\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - 3 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947, \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u200b\u200b\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e- \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0928\u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/a>\u0914\u0930 3 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u0906\u091c \u0939\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a>\u0924\u0942<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0935\u0939 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0939\u0948 - \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915) \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091d\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u0964 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091d\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 (\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\u0964 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 -\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0928\u092e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0921-\u0905\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u03c3 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948), \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-material"],"yoast_head":"\nUltimate Tensile Strength: Definition, Testing, Calculation, and Applications | Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ultimate tensile strength measures the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure. Learn more about it here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/hi\/ultimate-tensile-strength\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ultimate Tensile Strength: Definition, Testing, Calculation, and Applications | Chiggo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ultimate tensile strength measures the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure. 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