{"id":4075,"date":"2025-11-06T13:03:57","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T05:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=4075"},"modified":"2025-11-06T13:04:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T05:04:04","slug":"3d-printer-filament-types-and-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/fr\/3d-printer-filament-types-and-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"3D Printer Filament Types and Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

3D printer filaments are the consumable materials, usually plastics, used in FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printing. They are supplied on spools and fed into the printer\u2019s extruder, where the material is melted and deposited through a heated nozzle to build objects layer by layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Different filaments have different properties, so the right choice depends on what you want to create. In this article, we\u2019ll start with the most common 3D printing filaments, then look at more advanced and specialty options, and finish with practical tips to help you choose the best material for your project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Common 3D Printing Filaments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s start with the most common filament types you\u2019ll encounter. They\u2019re popular because they\u2019re easy to print and versatile for everyday projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLA (Polylactic Acid)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"3D<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PLA is the go-to filament for beginners and hobbyists. It\u2019s a biodegradable plastic from renewable resources like corn starch, so it\u2019s more eco-friendly than petroleum-based plastics. PLA is also one of the most affordable filaments <\/strong>and comes in a wide range of colors<\/strong>, which makes it popular for prototypes and decorative prints. It prints at relatively low temperatures, usually without a heated bed, and shows little shrinkage or warping. As a result, it\u2019s one of the easiest materials to use, with reliable dimensional accuracy and almost no odor during printing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, PLA is stiff but brittle, with low flexibility, and it tends to snap under stress. It also has poor heat resistance\u2014parts start to soften around 50\u201360 \u00b0C\u2014so prints may warp in a hot car or direct sun. In addition, PLA degrades under UV exposure, making it unsuitable for long-term outdoor use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses: <\/strong>Great for prototypes, hobby models, figurines, and decorative parts where ease of printing and good detail matter more than extreme strength. Common for cosplay props, low-stress enclosures, and as a learning material for new users .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~53\u201365 MPa<\/td>~3.6\u20133.8 GPa<\/td>190\u2013220 \u00b0C<\/td>45\u201360 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"3D<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ABS is one of the first widely used 3D printing plastics, also known as the material in LEGO bricks. In 3D printing, it\u2019s valued for its toughness and higher heat resistance compared to PLA. Prints are strong, durable, and more impact-resistant, holding their shape until around 100 \u00b0C. ABS also accepts post-processing well: you can sand it or smooth it with acetone vapor for a glossy finish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, ABS is harder to print. It needs higher extrusion temperatures , a heated bed , and ideally an enclosed printer to reduce warping and splitting. It also gives off noticeable fumes, so good ventilation is important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses:<\/strong> Suitable for functional prototypes and end-use parts that need toughness or heat resistance,such as machine components, automotive parts, tool handles, or snap-fit enclosures. It\u2019s also common in drone frames and RC car parts. For outdoor use, ABS (or its UV-resistant cousin ASA) is often a better choice than PLA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~40\u201350 MPa<\/td>~2.0\u20132.5 GPa<\/td>220\u2013250 \u00b0C<\/td>90\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"3D<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PETG combines the best of PLA and ABS: it\u2019s stronger than PLA, with better impact strength and heat resistance , yet easier to print than ABS. Prints usually have a slightly glossy finish, with strong layer adhesion, good chemical resistance, and lower moisture absorption than nylon, which makes them stable in most environments. In its pure form, PETG can also be food-safe. However, PETG can be stringy when printing because the filament is sticky, and it sometimes adheres too strongly to the print bed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses:<\/strong> A great choice for functional prototypes, containers, snap-fit parts, and outdoor applications where PLA would fail. It\u2019s commonly used for brackets, protective housings, drone parts, and water-resistant prints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~50\u201360 MPa<\/td>~2.0\u20132.2 GPa<\/td>220\u2013250 \u00b0C<\/td>70\u201390 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"3D<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

TPU is a flexible filament that feels more like rubber than plastic. It can bend, stretch, and compress without breaking, and it also shows excellent impact resistance by absorbing shocks through flexing rather than cracking. TPU is abrasion-resistant and resistant to oils and greases, making it useful for seals, gaskets, and automotive parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printing TPU can be tricky. Its softness may cause feeding issues in Bowden extruders, and it requires slower print speeds for consistent results. Bed adhesion is usually easy and warping is minimal, but dialing in the settings takes patience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses: <\/strong>Ideal for flexible parts such as phone cases, gaskets, seals, shock absorbers, RC tires, or wearable straps. Anywhere you need elasticity and impact resistance, TPU is the go-to choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~30\u201355 MPa<\/td>~25\u201375 MPa (very low, very flexible)<\/td>210\u2013240 \u00b0C<\/td>20\u201360 \u00b0C (often optional)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Specialty and Advanced Filaments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beyond the standard plastics above, there are many specialty filaments designed for tougher, more demanding, or more aesthetic applications. Here are some of the most notable advanced options and their key characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nylon (Polyamide)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"3D<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nylon filament is strong, tough, and wear-resistant. Unlike brittle PLA, it is semi-flexible and very hard to break. Under stress, nylon bends or deforms slightly instead of snapping, which gives it excellent impact resistance. It also has a relatively high melting point, and thin sections can act as living hinges thanks to its toughness and flexibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That said, nylon is an advanced material to print. It requires high extrusion temperatures, a heated bed, and often an enclosed build chamber to reduce warping. Another major challenge is that nylon is very hygroscopic \u2013 it readily absorbs moisture from the air. Wet filament will pop and sizzle during printing and produce weak, flawed parts. To avoid this, nylon must be stored with desiccant and often dried before use. It also costs more than PLA or ABS and can be tricky to get consistent bed adhesion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses: <\/strong>Functional and engineering parts that demand strength, toughness, and low friction. Typical examples include gears, bushings, nuts and bolts, hinges, brackets, and drone frames. Nylon\u2019s durability also makes it suitable for high-stress prototypes or wear-prone components where PLA or ABS would fail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
40 \u2013 85 MPa<\/td>0.8 \u2013 2 GPa<\/td>225 \u2013 265 \u00b0C<\/td>70 \u2013 90 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Polycarbonate (PC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"PC<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Polycarbonate is an industrial-grade thermoplastic and one of the toughest materials you can print on a desktop machine. It is extremely impact-resistant, able to flex slightly without cracking, and it maintains its strength even in high-temperature environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printing polycarbonate is challenging and usually considered an expert endeavor. It requires very high extrusion temperatures, a heated bed, and ideally a heated enclosure to prevent severe warping. The material also absorbs moisture quickly, so it must be kept dry, and it demands an all-metal hotend to withstand the high temperatures. PC is also pricier than standard filaments, and is more suitable for advanced setups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses:<\/strong> High-performance functional parts that must endure heat and impact. Examples include industrial fixtures, safety equipment housings, tooling components, and demanding prototypes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~72 MPa<\/td>2.2 \u2013 2.5 GPa<\/td>260 \u2013 310 \u00b0C<\/td>80 \u2013 120 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Carbon Fiber\u2013Reinforced Filaments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Carbon<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCarbon fiber\u201d filament is not pure carbon fiber. It is a composite, usually made from a base plastic such as PLA, PETG, Nylon, or ABS, mixed with tiny chopped carbon fibers. Adding carbon fiber makes the material much stiffer and more dimensionally stable, and it can also slightly improve tensile strength. In materials prone to warping, like nylon or ABS, carbon fiber helps reduce shrinkage and deformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The carbon fibers make the filament abrasive, so you must use a hardened steel or ruby nozzle; otherwise, a brass nozzle will wear out quickly. While parts are stiffer and stronger, they also tend to be more brittle, snapping rather than bending under heavy impact. Costs are higher too, though the print settings remain close to those of the base material. The finished prints also have a matte surface, which many users see as an added benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses: <\/strong>Best suited for strong, lightweight parts that should not flex, such as drone frames, RC car chassis, brackets, tooling fixtures, and functional prototypes. Engineers often choose carbon-fiber nylon for parts that need to combine low weight with high rigidity, sometimes even as a substitute for aluminum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Base Material<\/td>Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
PLA CF<\/td>~50\u201365 MPa<\/td>4.5 \u2013 6.0 GPa<\/td>210 \u2013 230 \u00b0C<\/td>55 \u2013 65 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
PETG CF<\/td>~45\u201360 MPa<\/td>3.5 \u2013 5.0 GPa<\/td>230 \u2013 250 \u00b0C<\/td>70 \u2013 90 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
Nylon CF<\/td>~50\u201380 MPa<\/td>5.0 \u2013 7.0 GPa<\/td>250 \u2013 280 \u00b0C<\/td>90 \u2013 120 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Metal-Filled Filaments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"metal-<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Metal-filled filaments mix fine metal powder into a base plastic, usually PLA. Common types include bronze-, copper-, brass-, and steel-filled PLA. The added metal content gives prints a metallic look and a noticeably heavier weight. Straight off the printer, parts typically have a rough matte finish that requires post-processing such as sanding or polishing to bring out a real metallic shine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These filaments are harder to print than standard PLA. They often need slower print speeds and higher nozzle temperatures to prevent clogs. Like carbon fiber, the metal particles are abrasive, so a hardened steel or ruby nozzle is strongly recommended. Prints also tend to be more brittle\u2014they gain stiffness but lose toughness\u2014and the material is generally more expensive than common filaments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses:<\/strong> Ideal for cosplay props, statues, jewelry, decorative items, and concept models where a realistic metal appearance and heft are important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
Comparable to PLA (slightly more brittle)<\/td>Higher than PLA (stiffer)<\/td>200 \u2013 230 \u00b0C<\/td>50 \u2013 70 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"PEEK<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PEEK is regarded as one of the most advanced thermoplastics available for 3D printing. It is recognized as a high-performance thermoplastic with exceptional mechanical strength, resistance to wear and chemicals, and inherent flame-retardant properties. Thanks to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, PEEK can sometimes substitute for metal in demanding environments. It is also biocompatible and sterilizable, which makes it valuable in medical and scientific fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printing with PEEK, however, is extremely challenging. It requires specialized equipment capable of sustaining very high extrusion temperatures, a heated chamber, and a high-temperature build surface to prevent warping. The process must be carefully controlled so the material crystallizes properly without cracking. Because of these strict requirements, only industrial machines or advanced professional printers are suited for PEEK. In addition, the filament itself is significantly more expensive than standard plastics, limiting its use to professional and industrial contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uses: <\/strong>Chosen only when the absolute highest performance is required, PEEK is found in aerospace components, high-performance automotive parts, medical implants, and oil and gas applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensile Strength<\/td>Flexural Modulus<\/td>Print Temperature<\/td>Print Bed Temperature<\/td><\/tr>
~90\u2013100 MPa<\/td>3.5 \u2013 4.0 GPa<\/td>380 \u2013 420 \u00b0C<\/td>120 \u2013 230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tips for Choosing the Right Filament<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Identify Project Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Begin by defining the essential properties for your part. Consider whether it needs high strength and durability, flexibility, or resistance to heat and outdoor weather. For example, PLA is suitable for simple prototypes, while ABS or PETG would be more appropriate for durable, load-bearing components. For parts that must flex, such as gaskets or phone grips, TPU or other flexible filaments are recommended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consider Printer\u2019s Capabilities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Verify that your printer\u2019s hotend and heated bed can achieve the necessary temperatures. Materials like nylon and polycarbonate require higher extrusion temperatures and often a heated enclosure. Abrasive filaments, including carbon fiber- or metal-filled variants, should be printed with a hardened nozzle to prevent wear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Account for Environment and Operating Conditions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Choose materials suited to the final application. For outdoor use, PETG or ASA perform well due to UV and weather resistance. High-temperature environments may require ABS, PETG, nylon, or polycarbonate. For food-contact parts, only certified PLA or PETG should be considered. For high-precision features, use low-shrinkage materials such as PLA or PETG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evaluate Finishing Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PLA and PETG can produce smooth surfaces, ABS can be chemically smoothed, and specialty filaments like wood- or metal-filled often require sanding or polishing. Consider whether you are prepared for additional post-processing to achieve the desired finish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consider Cost and Availability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PLA and ABS are inexpensive and widely available. PETG and TPU are moderately priced and accessible, while nylon, polycarbonate, and composites are more costly. High-performance plastics such as PEEK or PEI are expensive and used primarily in industrial contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balance Printability and Performance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PLA and PETG are easy to use and suitable for most beginners. ABS and ASA provide better mechanical performance and heat resistance but require more careful setup. Advanced engineering plastics such as nylon and polycarbonate deliver superior properties but demand professional-grade printers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3D Printing with Chiggo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Every great 3D print starts with the right filament choice. At Chiggo, we offer a full range of custom 3D printing services to meet your project needs. With a wide selection of materials and professional expertise, we deliver parts that are strong, accurate, and production-ready. Upload your CAD file today <\/a>to get an instant quote.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

3D printer filaments are the consumable materials, usually plastics, used in FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printing. They are supplied on spools and fed into the printer\u2019s extruder, where the material is melted and deposited through a heated nozzle to build objects layer by layer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,13,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plastics","category-material","category-3d-printing"],"yoast_head":"\n3D Printer Filament Types and Uses - Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the most common 3D printer filament types and their uses. 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