{"id":4043,"date":"2025-09-30T14:27:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=4043"},"modified":"2025-09-30T14:27:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:27:14","slug":"all-about-shear-modulus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/ar\/all-about-shear-modulus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Shear<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0394x \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u03b8 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u03b3) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u03c4) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d A \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03c4 = f \/ a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u03b3) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03b3 = \u0394x \/ L (\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u03b8 \u2248 \u03b3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (G) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u03bc \u0623\u0648 S \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g = \u03c4 \/ \u03b3 = (f \/ a) \/ (\u0394x \/ l) = (f \u00b7 l) \/ (a \u200b\u200b\u00b7 \u0394x)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 SI \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u064a Pascal (PA) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (N\/M\u00b2). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 Pascal \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Moduli \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 G \u0641\u064a Gigapascals (GPA) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b 1 GPA = 10\u2079 PA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (GPA)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>26-27<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>35-41<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>79-82<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>44-48<\/td><\/tr>
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>5-6<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/td>74-79<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td>~ 18<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0646\u0642\u064a)<\/td>41-45<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a<\/td>8-12<\/td><\/tr>
\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631)<\/td>26-30<\/td><\/tr>
\u0648\u0648\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0628)<\/td>0.6-1.2<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623)<\/td>0.7-1.1<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>0.8-0.9<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/td>0.1-0.3<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0629<\/td>0.0003-0.001<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/td>480-520<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1 GPA \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 Megapascal. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0635\u0644 Diamond \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 Gigapascals \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0634 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 Diamond \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0632\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"shear-testing\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 G \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u061b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 G. ASTM E143 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629). ASTM D2236 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 V-f-forted \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM D5379 (IOSIPESCU) \u0648 ASTM D7078 (\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 V). \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 ASTM D4255 (\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 ASTM A938 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629) \u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 G \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0647<\/a>\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u03bd \u060c<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n \u0632<\/mi>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \u0647<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n ((<\/mo>\n 1<\/mn>\n +<\/mo>\n \u03bd<\/mi>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a (\u0647\u0640)<\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u0632)<\/strong>\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 (\u0643)<\/strong>\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 Poisson (\u03bd):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E = 2G (1 + \u03bd) = 3K (1 - 2\u03bd)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u060c E \u2248 210 GPA \u0648 \u03bd \u2248 0.30 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 G \u2248 81 GPA \u0648 K \u2248 170 GPA. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 E (~ 70 GPA) \u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u03bd \u2192 0.5): \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d K \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 E \u0648 G \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.\u0632<\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.\u0643<\/strong>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (~ 75-80 GPA) \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f VELAY\u2019s HIVE G \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 (~ 21 GPA) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0634 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 - \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 G \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d Rubber\u2019s Low G (0.001\u20130.01 GPA) \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 - \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-material"],"yoast_head":"\nShear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/ar\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - Chiggo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand shear modulus (modulus of rigidity): its formula, typical values, comparison with Young\u2019s and bulk modulus, and key applications in engineering.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-30T06:27:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-30T06:27:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shear-testing.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"CNC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/all-about-shear-modulus\/\",\"name\":\"Shear Modulus Explained:Definition, Formula & Uses - 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