{"id":3573,"date":"2025-07-18T12:04:55","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T04:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/?p=3573"},"modified":"2025-07-19T14:39:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T06:39:08","slug":"stress-vs-strain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/ar\/stress-vs-strain\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<iframe width=\"871\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aQf6Q8t1FQE\" title=\"An Introduction to Stress and Strain\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\uff1f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\" \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u061b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u03c3<sub>\u0631<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u03c3<sub>\u062c<\/sub>):<\/strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u03c4):<\/strong>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u03c4<sub>\u0631<\/sub>):<\/strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3587,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/engineer-stress-formula.png\" alt=\"engineer stress formula\" class=\"wp-image-3587\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u03c3 = \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (PA \u0623\u0648 N\/M\u00b2 \u061b \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 PSI)<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>F = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (N)<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>A = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (M\u00b2)<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (UTM<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0648) \u060c \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f = f\/a<\/td><td>UTM \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 (\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u03b5) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u03c3 = e \u00b7 \u03b5 <br> (\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629)&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606 (\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639)<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u061b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u03b5 \u0648 \u03c3<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606 (\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639)<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DIC)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c DIC<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u061b \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606\u2606 (\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u061b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f XRD \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606 (\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f birefringent \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 birefringent<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606\u2606 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 EBSD \u0648 Micro-Raman \u0623\u0648 NanoIndentation \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\/\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2606 (\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\/\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a)&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\uff1f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629: \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3588,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/engineer-strain-formula.png\" alt=\"engineer strain formula\" class=\"wp-image-3588\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u03f5 = \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u066a)<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u0394L = \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>\u0644<sub>0<\/sub>= \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \/ \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td><td>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u061b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td><td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u061b \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \/ \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DIC)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 + \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639<\/td><td>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 2D\/3D \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u061b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 Bragg Grating (FBG)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 FBG<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0645\u0646 EMI. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 (LDV)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0631<\/td><td>LDV \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/td><td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0623\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u03c3 = f \/ a<\/td><td>\u03b5 = \u0394L \/ L\u2080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>PA (N\/M\u00b2) \u060c \u0623\u0648 PSI (LBF\/IN\u00b2)<\/td><td>\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u066a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u061b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td><td>\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3591,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ductile-Stress-vs.-Strain-Curve-1.png\" alt=\"Ductile Stress vs. Strain Curve\" class=\"wp-image-3591\"><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647) \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 O - B)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 (O-A):<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0643. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a) \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 A-B):<\/strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 - \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 Hoke \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 B \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 OB \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f (B-C):<\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 B \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 C - \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\" \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (B \u2192 C) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (C - D):<\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 C \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062f -<a href=\"https:\/\/chiggofactory.com\/ultimate-tensile-strength\/\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>(UTS). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (D - E):<\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 D \u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 E. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f E \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a\uff1f<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 O \u0648 A \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 Young \u060c 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\/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b e \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 PA \u0623\u0648 N\/M2. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0641\u064a Chiggo \u060c \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 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